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排序方式: 共有7097条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures can be processed by many drying techniques, among which spray drying has great potential. However, injuries of LAB during spray drying lead to a low survival rate. The microbial injuries of LAB during spray drying are specifically induced by dehydration inactivation, thermal inactivation, and balance between the two. To reduce the drying temperature, new drying techniques based on spray drying were tried; that is, low-temperature vacuum–spray drying and spray–freeze drying. 相似文献
62.
Jiani Wang Jiangtao Li Shamik Dasgupta Li Zhang Mikhail Y. Golovko Svetlana A. Golovko Jiasong Fang 《Lipids》2014,49(4):347-356
Pressure is an important thermodynamic property of the ocean and the deep biosphere that affects microbial physiology and biochemistry. Here, we report on our investigation of the response of Gram-positive piezotolerant bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 to hydrostatic pressure. Strain DSK25 responded in an adaptive manner to upshifts of growth pressure and showed systematic changes in phospholipid fatty acids. As the pressure increased from 0.1 to 10 MPa (Megapascal), unsaturated fatty acids in DSK25 increased from 21.7 to 31.1 % of total fatty acids, while the level of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids remained unchanged. At higher pressures (30, 50, and 60 MPa), the amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased, and that of anteiso-branched fatty acids increased from 34.4 to 49.9 % at the expense of iso-branched fatty acids. For the first time, two polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 18:2n-6 and 18:2n-x, with the latter having much higher abundance than the former, were identified in DSK25. The concentration of the PUFA increased with growth pressure. These results indicate the involvement of unsaturated and methyl-branched fatty acids in the modulation of bacteria membrane fluidity and function over environmentally relevant parameter (pressure). Piezotolerant bacterium Sporosarcina sp. DSK25 appears to utilize two regulatory mechanisms for adaptation to high pressure, a rapid-responding mechanism on transient scale, expressed as increased biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and a long-term adaptation mechanism in increased synthesis of anteiso-branched and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results further suggest that Gram-positive piezophilic bacteria respond differently than Gram-negative bacteria in adaptation to high pressure. 相似文献
63.
乳酸茵凭借其悠久的历史、显明的特征及与人类生活紧密相关的特点受到了生物界和医学界的广泛关注。近年来,利用蛋白质组学对其进行研究的成果层出不穷。概述了乳酸菌能量代谢的蛋白质组学研究进展,并讨论了代谢路径之间的相互关系。 相似文献
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65.
目的 揭示硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)在管线钢表面裂纹萌生中的作用。方法 采用恒载荷实验装置施加弹性和塑性应力,通过XPS和EDS分析产物成分,利用SEM观察微生物膜形态、管线钢腐蚀形貌,研究弹性和塑性应力作用下管线钢的微生物致裂裂纹萌生和扩展行为。结果 弹性和塑性应力对SRB生长无明显影响。不管是在弹性应力还是塑性应力作用下,SRB生理活动均改变了腐蚀产物的结构,增加了腐蚀产物的硫含量,提高了管线钢局部腐蚀敏感性。与弹性应力作用相比,塑性应力和SRB协同作用对管线钢微裂纹萌生和扩展的影响更大。塑性应力作用下,灭菌和接菌环境中管线钢表面均产生了微裂纹分叉。结论 弹性应力和塑性应力均促进了管线钢的微生物腐蚀过程。塑性应力作用下管线钢菌致开裂更加剧烈,裂纹扩展过程与SRB生理活动有关。 相似文献
66.
This paper concerns the kinetic approach to measuring glucose mineralization by planktonic bacteria in Whitson Lake, a moderately acidic lake. For all three samplings, plots of the amount of glucose mineralized vs time of incubation were linear at both high and low concentrations of added glucose. When sample water buffered around the in situ pH was used in these time studies, linear relationships were again evident, but there was a reduction in the rates of glucose mineralization activity. Nevertheless, the kinetic approach usually failed to generate the Michaelis—Menten response at the necessary level of statistical significance to justify calculations of turnover times and Vmax values. And, buffering the pH around the in situ pH did not insure that the Michaelis—Menten response would be obtained.These observations are discussed in the light of our earlier observations involving an extremely acid-stressed lake. 相似文献
67.
The turbidity standard for water quality was evaluated in relation to total particle counts, heterotrophic plate counts and epifluorescence direct cell counts of three different municipal drinking-waters. Turbidity and particle counts were directly proportional. There was no predictable relationship between bacteriological quality and turbidity or particle counts. Heterotrophic plate counts under-estimated epifluorescence direct cell counts by a factor of at least 500. Water quality degradation occurred in municipal drinking-water systems because of intermittent short duration events that resulted in high turbidity, particle counts and heterotrophic plate counts. Further, for all parameters measured variability increased with distance traveled within a pipe except for ground water. 相似文献
68.
69.
A new method for characterizing denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria by using three different types of electron acceptors 总被引:57,自引:0,他引:57
This study investigated the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria by using three different types of electron acceptors as well as the positive role of nitrite in phosphorus removal process. Denitrifying phosphorous removal bacteria was enriched under anaerobic-anoxic (A/A) condition. To understand A/A sludge better, sludge from two other sources were also studied. These include sludges obtained from a lab-scale anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A/A/O) system and a local sewage treatment plant. Three types of possible electron acceptors (oxygen, nitrate and nitrite) were examined for their roles in phosphorus uptake. The results obtained indicated that oxygen, nitrate and nitrite were able to act as electron acceptors successfully. This observation suggested that in addition to the two well-accepted groups of phosphorus removal bacteria (one can only utilize oxygen to take up phosphorus, P(O), while the other can use both oxygen and nitrate, P(ON)), a new group of phosphorus removal bacteria, P(ON(n)), which could use oxygen, nitrate or nitrite to take up phosphorus was identified. The relative population of these three types of bacteria could be calculated from results obtainable from phosphorus uptake batch experiments with either oxygen or nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptor. The results obtained in this study showed that A/A sludge had similar phosphorus removal performance as the A/A/O sludge. However, it has better denitrifying phosphorus removal capability, which was demonstrated by the relative population of the three groups of bacteria. The results also suggested that nitrite was not an inhibitor to phosphorus removal process. Instead, it is an alternative electron acceptor to oxygen or nitrate. 相似文献
70.